亂尵岅宯嫵堢島嵗乮奜崙岅乯亃
丂
壛丂摗丂夒丂孾乮嫵丂庼乯
丂
亙嫵堢妶摦亜
庼丂嬈
亂娤揰侾亃嫵堢曽朄媦傃惉愌昡壙柺偱偺庢慻
丂妛晹丗乽僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞塸岅乿偱偼丆18擭搙偐傜怴偨偵摫擖偝傟偨儅儖僠儊僨傿傾嫵幒傪妶梡偟丆儕僗僯儞僌偲僗僺乕僉儞僌擻椡偺堢惉傪廳揰栚昗偲偟丆塸岅偵傛傞僗僺乕僠偲幙媈墳摎丆媦傃儁傾儚乕僋傗僌儖乕僾儚乕僋傪捠偟偰愊嬌揑偵僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞傪恾傞懺搙偺梴惉偵岺晇傪嬅傜偟偨丅傑偨丆塸岅偵傛傞僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞偑摼堄偱側偄妛惗偵懳偟偰偼丆杮恖偺擻椡偲嫽枴偵墳偠偨曗彆嫵嵽傪弨旛偟偰妛廗傊偺摦婡傪崅傔傞偲摨帪偵丆婎慴揑側塸岅偺抦幆偺廗摼丆媦傃棟夝椡偺岦忋偵堄傪恠偔偟偨丅乽塸岅妛奣榑乿偱偼塸岅妛偺慡懱憸傪奣愢偟偨忋偱丆択榖暥朄棟榑丆婡擻暥朄棟榑偺娤揰偐傜塸岅傪棟夝偡傞偨傔偺婎杮揑側抦幆偺懱宯偱偁傞塸暥朄傪偲傜偊側偍偟丆乽妎偊傞暥朄乿偐傜乽峫偊傞暥朄乿丆乽僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞偵栶棫偮塸暥朄乿傊偺嫶搉偟傪峴偭偨丅乽塸暥朄乿偺庼嬈偱偼塸帤怴暦傗梞夋側偳偺惗偒偨塸岅嫵嵽傪妶梡偟側偑傜乽曣岅榖幰偺尵岅捈姶偵敆傞暥朄乿偺峔抸傪栚巜偟偨丅偄偢傟偺庼嬈偵偍偄偰傕丆杮妛島媊巟墖僔僗僥儉傪妶梡偟丆妛惗偵偼儗億乕僩丆媦傃怳傝曉傝僔乕僩乿傪採弌偟偰傕傜偄丆偙傟偵懳偟偰僐儊儞僩丆媦傃乽怳傝曉傝僔乕僩偺怳傝曉傝乿傪嶌惉偟偰島媊巟墖僔僗僥儉偵傾僢僾偡傞偙偲偵傛傝丆妛惗偲嫵堳偵傛傞憃曽岦偺僼僅儘乕傾僢僾傪峴偄丆妛廗崁栚偵娭偡傞棟夝傪怺傔偨丅
丂戝妛堾廋巑壽掱丗乽択榖暥朄摿榑乿偺庼嬈偱偼丆嫵堢尰応偵偍偗傞塸暥朄巜摫偵偮偄偰丆択榖暥朄棟榑偵偍偗傞嵟嬤偺尋媶惉壥傪怐傝崬傫偱撪梕傪峔惉偟偨丅廬棃偺婰壇拞怱偺妛峑塸暥朄傪扙媝偟丆惗搆偵偲偭偰恎嬤側榖戣傪塸帤怴暦傗WWW偺拞偵媮傔丆僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞傪廳帇偟偨幚慔揑側塸暥朄巜摫傊偺庢傝慻傒曽傪岺晇偟偨丅乽塸岅妛墘廗乿偺庼嬈偱偼丆岅梡榑丆摿偵娭楢惈棟榑偵偍偗傞嵟怴偺尵岅棟榑傪庢傝崬傒丆擣抦偲僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞偺娤揰偐傜敪榖偺棟夝丆偲偔偵嫶搉偟巜帵偵娭偡傞棟夝傪崅傔傞岺晇傪峴偭偨丅偙傟傜偺抦尒傪墳梡偟丆択榖偵偍偗傞巜帵帉偵娭偡傞幚慔揑側嫵嵽奐敪傪峴偭偨丅
丂妛晹惗偺惉愌昡壙偵偮偄偰偼丆愊嬌揑偵僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞傪恾傞懺搙偲偄偆娤揰偐傜僗僺乕僠撪梕丒僾儗僛儞僥乕僔儑儞,幙媈墳摎丆偍傛傃儗億乕僩傪廳揰揑偵昡壙偟偨丅戝妛堾惗偵偮偄偰偼丆嫵幒偱幚慔偱偒傞撪梕傪惙傝崬傫偱偄傞偐偲偄偆娤揰偐傜婜枛儗億乕僩傪昡壙偟偨丅
亂娤揰俀亃嫵堢偺払惉忬嫷
丂妛晹丗乽僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞塸岅乿偱偼丆婎慴揑側儕僗僯儞僌擻椡偺岦忋偑尠挊偵尒傜傟丆摨帪偵愊嬌揑偵僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞傪恾傠偆偲偡傞懺搙偑恎偵偮偄偨丅乽塸岅妛奣榑乿偱偼丆乽妎偊傞暥朄乿偐傜乽峫偊傞暥朄乿傊堄幆偺揮姺偑尠挊偵尒傜傟丆妛峑尰応偵偍偗傞乽僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞偵栶棫偮塸暥朄乿傊偺嫶搉偟傪払惉偡傞偙偲偑偱偒偨丅乽塸暥朄乿偺庼嬈偱偼丆慡堳偑600暸傪挻偊傞暥朄彂傪惛撉偟丆奺帺偑帺傜偺偆偪偵乽曣岅榖幰偺尵岅捈姶偵敆傞暥朄乿傪峔抸偡傞偙偲偑偱偒偨丅
丂戝妛堾丗乽択榖暥朄摿榑乿偺庼嬈偱偼丆乽榖偟庤丒暦偒庤丒応柺乿偱峔惉偝傟傞乽択榖乿傪憐掕偟偨乽怴偟偄暥朄乿娤丆媦傃乽曣岅榖幰偺尵岅捈姶偵敆傞暥朄乿娤傪恎偵偮偗傞偙偲偑偱偒偨丅偝傜偵丆幚慔揑側塸暥朄巜摫擻椡傪恎偵偮偗傞偙偲偑偱偒丆僷儚乕億僀儞僩偵傛傞嫵嵽傪奐敪偟偨丅乽塸岅妛墘廗乿偺庼嬈偱偼丆嵟怴偺尵岅棟榑傪欚殣偟偨忋偱丆択榖偵偍偗傞巜帵帉偵娭偡傞幚慔揑側嫵嵽奐敪傪峴偆偙偲偑偱偒偨丅
尋媶巜摫
亂娤揰侾亃妛晹
丂妛晹偱偼廬棃偺婰壇拞怱偺塸暥朄巜摫偺晄旛傪巜揈偟側偑傜丆乽塸岅偱偼側偤摨偠堄枴撪梕傪揱偊傞偺偵暋悢偺尵偄曽偑懚嵼偡傞偺偐乮戞俁暥宆偲戞係暥宆丆擻摦暥偲庴摦暥乯乿側偳偺乽惗搆偺側偤偵摎偊傞偙偲偑偱偒傞傛偆側塸暥朄巜摫乿傪幚慔偟丆戝検偺惗偒偨塸暥僨乕僞傪梌偊偰椪彴揑幚慔椡偺梴惉傪峴偭偨丅
亂娤揰俀亃戝妛堾
丂廋巑壽掱偱偼丆嫵堢尰応偵偍偄偰嵟怴偺尵岅棟榑偑偳偺傛偆偵墳梡偱偒傞偐偲偄偆娤揰偵傛傝丆乽娭楢惈棟榑偺榞慻傒偵傛傞幚慔揑僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞擻椡偺堢惉乿丆乽擣抦尵岅妛偵傛傞枹棃昞尰偺暘愅偲墳梡乿摍偺僥乕儅偱幚慔尋媶傪巜摫偟丆拞妛峑丒崅峑偺塸岅嫵堢尰応偵偍偗傞傛傝崅搙側椪彴揑幚慔椡偺梴惉傪峴偭偨丅
丂偦偺懠偺嫵堢妶摦
嘆暯惉19擭俆寧亅俇寧,丂嫵堢幚廗偵偍偗傞妛惗巜摫傪峴偭偨丅
仢摿怓偁傞揰媦傃崱屻偺専摙壽戣摍
丂杮妛島媊巟墖僔僗僥儉傪妶梡偟丆妛惗偵偼枅廡儗億乕僩丆媦傃怳傝曉傝僔乕僩乿傪採弌偟偰傕傜偄丆偙傟偵懳偟偰僐儊儞僩丆媦傃乽怳傝曉傝僔乕僩偺怳傝曉傝乿傪嶌惉偟偨偆偊偱島媊巟墖僔僗僥儉偵傾僢僾偡傞偙偲偵傛傝丆妛惗偲嫵堳偵傛傞憃曽岦捠怣偵傛傞庼嬈偺僼僅儘乕傾僢僾傪峴偭偨丅妛惗偼怳傝曉傝僔乕僩傪嶌惉偡傞偵偁偨傝丆庼嬈傪怳傝曉傞偙偲偵傛傝妛廗撪梕傪妋擣偡傞偙偲偑偱偒丆嫵巘偼妛惗偺怳傝曉傝僔乕僩傪撉傓偙偲偵傛傝丆妛惗偺棟夝搙傪攃埇偡傞偙偲偑壜擻偲側偭偨丅偝傜偵丆嫵巘偵傛傞乽怳傝曉傝僔乕僩偺怳傝曉傝乿傪師偺庼嬈偺朻摢偱怳傝曉傞偙偲偵傛傝丆懠妛惗偺媈栤揰傪帺傜偺栤戣偲偟偰偲傜偊捈偡偙偲偑壜擻偲側傝丆妛廗崁栚傪堦憌怺偔棟夝偡傞偙偲偑壜擻偲側偭偨丅傑偨丆塸岅偵傛傞僗僺乕僠丆儁傾儚乕僋傗僌儖乕僾儚乕僋傪捠偟偰丆愊嬌揑偵僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞傪恾傞懺搙偺梴惉偵岺晇傪嬅傜偟偨丅偝傜偵丆乽妎偊傞暥朄乿偐傜乽峫偊傞暥朄乿丆乽僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞偵栶棫偮塸暥朄乿丆乽懱偵偟傒崬傑偣傞塸暥朄乿傊偺嫶搉偟傪峴偄丆塸帤怴暦傗梞夋側偳偺惗偒偨塸岅嫵嵽傪妶梡偟側偑傜乽曣岅榖幰偺尵岅捈姶偵敆傞暥朄乿偺峔抸傪栚巜偟偨丅
丂
亙尋媶妶摦亜
尋媶惉壥偺敪昞忬嫷
榑亃嘆暯惉19擭11寧丗乽It暘楐暥偺徟揰偲儌僟儕僥傿昞尰亅柦戣椞堟偲儌僟儕僥傿椞堟偺擣抦揮姺偲憤婰揑娷堄亅乿丂扨挊丂International Journal of Pragmatics, vol.17: 47-70. 擔杮僾儔僌儅僥傿僢僋僗妛夛
嘇暯惉20擭俀寧丗乽It暘楐暥偺徟揰偵惗偠傞晅壛帉乿扨挊丂忋墇嫵堢戝妛尋媶婭梫丂戞27姫:163-172.
妛夛妶摦傊偺嶲壛忬嫷
嘆暯惉19擭俈寧丗忋墇塸岅嫵堢妛夛偺婇夋丒塣塩乮夛挿乯
嘇暯惉19擭11寧丗擔杮僾儔僌儅僥傿僢僋僗妛夛弌惾乮棟帠丆昡媍堳丆曇廤埾堳乯
嘊暯惉19擭11寧丗擔杮塸岅妛夛弌惾乮昡媍堳乯丂
嘋暯惉19擭12寧丗擔杮岅梡榑妛夛弌惾
嘍妛夛帍International Journal of Pragmatics偺曇廤
仢摿怓丒嫮挷揰摍
丂嵟怴偺尵岅棟榑偱偁傞娭楢惈棟榑傪庢傝忋偘丆偙偺棟榑偑妛峑嫵堢偵偍偗傞塸岅妛廗偵偳偺傛偆側宍偱墳梡偱偒傞偐偲偄偆娤揰偐傜拞妛峑塸岅嫵桜偲嫟摨尋媶傪峴偄丆塸岅偺彂偒姺偊栤戣偵偮偄偰丆偙傟傑偱偵椺傪尒側偄拞妛峑塸岅嫵嵽傪奐敪偟偨丅
丂
亙幮夛偲偺楢実亜
幮夛揑妶摦忬嫷
嘆怴妰導棫攼嶈崅摍妛峑偵偍偄偰弌慜島嵗乽僴乕僩偱姶偠傞尰嵼姰椆乿丆乽忣曬峔憿偺榖丗塸岅偺姤帉偼擄偟偄偺丠乿傪峴偭偨丅乮暯惉19擭11寧19擔乯丂
嘇擔杮塸岅専掕嫤夛柺愙埾堳偲偟偰抧堟偵偍偗傞拞妛峑丒崅摍妛峑丒戝妛偺惗搆丒妛惗偺塸岅僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞擻椡岦忋偵婑梌偟偨丅(暯惉19擭俈寧俉擔丆11寧18擔丆暯惉20擭俀寧24擔乯丂
嘊幮夛暉巸朄恖屼岾夛棟帠夛丒昡媍夛偵弌惾偟偨丅(暯惉20擭俀寧16擔)
丂
暯丂栰丂對丂巬乮嫵丂庼乯
丂
亙嫵堢妶摦亜
庼丂嬈
丂妛晹偺庼嬈偱偼嵟嬤偺尋媶惉壥傪庢傝崬傫偩宍偱丆岠壥揑側塸暥撉夝曽棯傪巜摫偟丆堎側偭偨撉夝栤戣宍幃偵傆傟偝偣偰妛惗偺懡條側撉夝擻椡傪堷偒弌偡偙偲傪怱偑偗偨丅壒撉丆栙撉傪楙廗偝偣丆孞傝曉偟撉傒偺岠壥傪嫮挷偟偨丅偙偺傛偆側塸暥偺撉夝椡岦忋偺傎偐偵丆嵟嬤偺傾僂僩僾僢僩棟榑傗曽棯巊梡偵傛傞僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞擻椡偺堢惉偵搘傔偨丅摦婡晅偗偵價僨僆丆俠俢傪巊梡偟偰丆塸岅偺壧偵恊偟傑偣偨丅帪乆丆擔杮恖偵偲偭偰丆梕堈偱側偄敪壒偺巜摫傕怱偑偗偨丅儁傾丒儚乕僋偱丆梌偊傜傟偨壽戣偺憡屳昡壙傪偝偣丆僋儔僗偺慜偱敪昞偝偣傞偙偲偱丆妛惗摨巑偺僼傿乕僪僶僢僋傪曐忈偟偨丅傾僂僩僾僢僩傪嫮偄傞偙偲偱丆尵岅廗摼偺堢惉傪傔偞偟丆帪偵偼壽戣暥偺埫彞僥僗僩傪壽偟僀儞僾僢僩偺廳梫惈傪棟夝偝偣傞傛偆攝椂偟偨丅乽拞摍塸岅壢巜摫朄乿偺庼嬈偱偼丆尷傜傟偨庼嬈帪娫偱嫵庼朄棟榑側偳傪拞怱偵棟夝偝偣傞偙偲偵晠怱偟偨丅傑偨塸岅椡偺岦忋偺偨傔丆嫵庼朄棟榑偵娭偡傞塸暥傪撉傑偣偨傝敪壒偺巜摫傕峴偭偨丅戝妛堾偱偼丆ESL/EFL媦傃墳梡尵岅妛偺棟榑偲巜摫丆懡妏揑側帇揰偵傕偲偯偄偨嫵嵽暘愅偺棟榑尋媶偲幚嵺偵徟揰傪偁偰偨丅棟夝偺妋擣偺僠僃僢僋偺偨傔丆帪乆彫僥僗僩傪峴偄丆偦偺屻僌儖乕僾傗儁傾丒儚乕僋偱丆栤戣揰傪摙媍偝偣偰丆僀儞僞儔僋僔儑儞傪偼偐偭偨丅傑偨丆塸岅嫵嵽暘愅寢壥偺儗億乕僩傪憡屳偵敪昞偝偣丆僐儊儞僩丆幙媈墳摎偺帪娫傪愝偗偨丅応崌偵傛偭偰偼儗億乕僩偺壛昅廋惓傪媮傔嵞採弌偝偣偨丅戝妛堾偺庼嬈偱偼丆摿偵塸岅嫵堢妛偵娭偡傞彅棟榑傪傢偐傝傗偡偔夝愢偡傞偙偲偵晠怱偟偨丅妛惗偺側偐偵偼丆妛奜偺妛夛敪昞傪峴偭偰塸岅嫵堢巜摫偺夵慞傗尋媶偺敪揥偵峷專偟偨丅
丂惉愌昡壙偵娭偟偰偼丆弌惾丆擔忢揰丆壽戣丆帋尡寢壥偵傕偲偯偄偰憤崌揑偵昡壙偟偨丅
尋媶巜摫
丂戞俀尵岅廗摼棟榑丆撉夝棟榑丆曽棯丆僥僗僥傿儞僌偵娭偡傞暥專偺巜摫丆僨乕僞偺廂廤丆暘愅朄丆榑暥偺峔惉丆揥奐丆峫嶡偺巇曽偵偮偄偰丆崙撪奜偺暥專傪捠偟偰擔杮岅偲塸岅偺巜摫傪峴偭偨丅妛晹俁擭惗偲廋巑壽掱侾擭師惗偵偼丆扨撈巜摫偲僌儖乕僾巜摫偱丆傑偨丆廋巑壽掱俀擭師惗偵偼堦恖堦恖扨撈偵枾偱挌擩側尋媶巜摫傪峴偆傛偆怱偑偗偨丅廋巑榑暥幏昅偺巜摫偱偼丆僨乕僞暘愅偲偦偺寢壥媦傃峫嶡偺惓妋偱柧妋側婰弎媦傃塸岅偺榑棟峔惉偵傕偲偯偄偨榑暥峔惉偵側傞傛偆偵丆復偛偲偵採弌偝偣巜摫偟偨丅
丂妛晹丆戝妛堾(廋巑)寁俆柤偺榑暥偺巜摫傪峴偭偨丅楢崌戝妛堾乮攷巑乯偱偼侾柤偺妛埵(妛峑嫵堢妛)偺怰嵏偵娭梌偟偨丅
偦偺懠偺嫵堢妶摦
嘆暯惉19擭係寧乣20擭俁寧丗怴妰戝妛乮妛晹乯旕忢嬑島巘偲偟偰乽嫟捠塸岅乿傪扴摉偟偨丅
仢摿怓偁傞揰媦傃崱屻偺専摙壽戣摍
丂嵟嬤偺塸岅嫵堢妛偺棟榑傪庢傝擖傟丆塸岅偺棟夝偲嶻弌偺僶儔儞僗傪條乆側丆堦惸巜摫丆儁傾丆僌儖乕僾儚乕僋妶摦偺側偐偱峫椂偡傞偙偲偵傛偭偰丆妛惗偑岠壥揑偵憡屳揑偵丆塸岅椡偺岦忋傗愱栧抦幆偺妉摼傪傔偞偣傞傛偆丆帺庡揑偵壽戣偵庢傝慻傒尋媶偡傞椡傪攟偆偙偲偑偱偒偨偲峫偊傞丅崱屻丆尷傜傟偨庼嬈帪娫撪偱屄偵懳墳偟偨巜摫傪偳偺傛偆偵偟偨傜傛偄偐偑専摙壽戣偱偁傞丅
丂
亙尋媶妶摦亜
尋媶惉壥偺敪昞忬嫷
榑亃嘆暯惉20擭俀寧: Reading Recall Strategies: Focusing on Memory Strategies Through the use of Students乫 Writtten Self-Reports 乮扨挊乯忋墇嫵堢戝妛尋媶婭梫丂戞27姫丂pp. 181-188丂
嫟摨尋媶乮梒丆彫丆拞丆崅摍妛峑媦傃摿庩嫵堢彅妛峑嫵堳偲偺嫟摨尋媶傪娷傓乯偺幚巤忬嫷
嘆楢崌僾儘僕僃僋僩俧乽弶摍嫵堢抜奒偵偍偗傞宯摑揑塸岅嫵堢偵娭傢傞嫵巘嫵堢僾儘僌儔儉偺嫤摥奐敪乗楢崌戝妛堾偺摿惈傪惗偐偟偨妛峑嫵堢幚慔妛峔抸偺儌僨儖偲偟偰乕乿
妛夛妶摦傊偺嶲壛忬嫷
嘆俇寧23擔乣24擔丗戞37夞拞晹抧嬫塸岅嫵堢妛夛嶰廳戝夛弌惾
嘇俉寧係擔乣俆擔丗戞33夞慡崙塸岅嫵堢妛夛戝暘尋媶戝夛弌惾
嘊俋寧俇擔乣俉擔丗戝妛塸岅嫵堢妛夛戞46夞慡崙戝夛弌惾
嘋戝妛塸岅嫵堢妛夛昡媍堳丆拞晹抧嬫塸岅嫵堢妛夛塣塩埾堳丆拞晹抧嬫塸岅嫵堢妛夛婭梫曇廤埾堳挿
仢摿怓丒嫮挷揰摍
丂撉夝僥僗僩偺懨摉惈偺専徹偑偁傑傝側偝傟偰偄側偄儕僐乕儖僥僗僩偵娭偡傞尋媶偱丆栚昗尵岅妛廗宱尡擭悢丆惈嵎丆撉夝椡丆妛椡丆偺彅梫場偑儕僐乕儖僥僗僩偺僷僼僅乕儅儞僗偲偦偺懨摉惈偵媦傏偡塭嬁傗曽棯偲偺娭學偵偮偄偰宲懕揑側尋媶傪峴偭偰偄傞偑丆偙傟傑偱偺愭峴尋媶偱偼椺偑傎偲傫偳側偔丆僥僗僩嶌惉丆昡壙丆撉夝嫵嵽奐敪丆撉夝巜摫偺夵慞丆偵峷專偡傞揰偱丆嫽枴怺偄帵嵈偑偁傝丆撈憂揑偱偁傞偲偄偊傞丅
丂
亙幮夛偲偺楢実亜
幮夛揑妶摦忬嫷
嘆塸岅僗僺乕僠僐儞僥僗僩怰嵏堳
丂
亙嫵堢妶摦亜
庼丂嬈
妛晹
丂堦斒偺塸岅嫵堢偱偼丆戝偒偔暘偗偰擇捠傝偺曽恓偱塸岅嫵堢傪幚巤偟偨丅
嘆 20恖嫮偺僋儔僗偵偍偄偰丆係媄擻偺偆偪摿偵儕乕僨傿儞僌偵徟揰傪崌傢偣傞巜摫傪偟偨丅嫵嵽偼塸帤怴暦偐傜撉傒傗偡偄傕偺傪枅夞攝晍偟偰巊梡丅傾儞働乕僩寢壥偱偼嵟崅偺儔儞僋偵71.4僷乕僙儞僩偺巟帩偑偁偭偨丅
嘇 40恖嫮偺僋儔僗偵偍偄偰偼傾儊儕僇崌廜崙偺楌巎丆抧棟丆暥壔偵娭偡傞嫵嵽傪巊梡偟丆傾儊儕僇暥壔偺棟夝偲撉傓椡偺熂梴傪栚巜偟偨丅岲昡偱偁傞丅
嘊偦偺懠丆塸暷暥妛島撉丆暷暥妛奣榑丆傾儊儕僇彫愢島媊摍偺島媊傪偟偨丅偙傟傜偼枅擭偲偰傕岲昡偱偁傞丅
戝妛堾
乮慜婜乯丗僱僀僠儍乕儔僀僥傿儞僌偺堦娐偲偟偰僀儞僪偺悈栤戣傪榑偠偨忋幙偺榑傪撉傒丆帺慠偲恖娫偺娭學偵偮偄偰偺摯嶡傪摼傞偙偲丆偦偟偰側偵傛傝傕塸暥傪撉傓椡傪偮偗傞偙偲偺擇揰傪栚揑偲偟偨丅巊梡偟偨僥僉僗僩偼The New Yorker 帍宖嵹偺桪傟偨挿曇儖億儖僞乕僕儏偱偁傝丆僀儞僪偩偗偺栤戣偵偲偳傑傜偢恖椶慡懱偺彨棃偵抳柦揑側傕偺偲側傝偆傞僥乕儅傪榑偠偨傕偺偱丆偲偰傕岲昡偱偁偭偨丅
乮屻婜乯丗Raymond Carver 偺抁曇彫愢廤傪嫵嵽偲偟偰巊梡偟丆塸暥偺撉傒偲峴娫偺棟夝傪偼偐傝丆偝傜偵暥妛揑摿幙傪廤拞揑偵島媊偟偨丅
丂偦偺忋偱枅夞塸暥偺梫巪傪壽偟丆師廡偵揧嶍偟偨傕偺傪曉媝偟偰塸嶌暥椡偺岦忋傪恾偭偨丅塸暥偼暘偐傝傗偡偄傕偺偺丆墱偺怺偄嶌昳傪慖傫偩偨傔擄偟偄敿柺丆偲偰傕婌偽傟偨丅
尋媶巜摫
僛儈偱巜摫偟偨撪梕偼丆師偺捠傝丅
嘆係擭師惗偵偼丆懖榑偺懳徾傪撉傒廔偊偨偺偪僥乕儅傪偳偺傛偆偵尒偮偗丆偳偺傛偆偵榑棟傪愊傒忋偘丆偳偺傛偆偵朤徹傪壛偊偰榑暥偵偡傞偐偲偄偆偙偲傪巜摫偟偨偺偼椺擭偺偲偍傝丅帺慠庡媊暥妛偺寙嶌偲偝傟傞嶌昳傪埖偭偰丆側偐側偐椡偺擖偭偨懖榑偑娷傑傟偰偄偨丅
嘇俁擭僛儈惗偼楢懕暔偺挿曇彫愢戞侾姫傪撉傫偩偑丆傾儊儕僇拞惣晹偺奐戱柉偺惗妶偑嫽枴怺偐偭偨傛偆偱偁傝丆嶌昳偺柺敀偝偵枮懌姶傪書偄偰偄偨丅偦偺傎偐偵夛榖椡傪拞怱偲偡傞昞尰椡偺熂梴偺偨傔俁寧枛傑偱僛儈傪巜摫偟偨丅
嘊廋巑壽掱偱偼Anne Morrow Lindbergh 偺挊嶌偲揱婰揑帒椏傪栐梾揑偵撉傫偱偄傞妛惗偺巜摫偵廔巒偟偨丅墵惙側曌嫮堄梸傪帩偮妛惗偱偁傞偨傔巜摫偑偟傗偡偄傕偺偺丆崱屻偺榑暥幏昅偲嫵堳嵦梡帋尡庴尡弨旛傪摨帪恑峴偝偣傞擄偟偝傪峫偊偹偽側傜側偄丅
仢摿怓偁傞揰媦傃崱屻偺専摙壽戣摍
丂戝妛堾偺嫵堢偱偼枅夞丆抁曇彫愢傪撉傑偣偰偦偺梫巪傪塸暥偱彂偐偣傞偲偄偆嶌嬈傪壽偟偨丅偙傟偼塸嶌暥椡偺熂梴偵戝偄偵栶棫偭偨偙偲偲丆偦傕偦傕梫巪傪傑偲傔傞偨傔偵偼嶌昳帺懱傪孞傝曉偟偰弉撉偡傞偲偄偆嶌嬈偑慜採偱偁傞偨傔丆塸岅偺撉傒彂偒偵偼偙偺忋側偄巜摫偲側傝丆偦偟偰暥妛擖栧偲偟偰桪傟偨嫵堢偵側偭偨丅
丂
亙尋媶妶摦亜
尋媶惉壥偺敪昞忬嫷
榑亃嘆 Raymond Carver's 乬Submerged Menace乭 in 乬Everything Stuck to Him乭(忋墇嫵堢戝妛婭梫丂戞27姫)
妛夛妶摦傊偺嶲壛忬嫷摍
嘆俆寧丗擔杮塸暥妛夛
嘇10寧丗擔杮傾儊儕僇暥妛夛
仢摿怓丒嫮挷揰摍
丂壞媥傒偵枅擔尋媶幒偵棃偰儗僀儌儞僪丒僇乕僶乕偺慡嶌昳傪撉傒丆偝傜偵偄偔偮偐偺榑暥傗娭楢恾彂傕撉傫偩丅偍偐偘偱儗僀儌儞僪丒僇乕僶乕偺惗奤偲嶌昳偺摿幙偍傛傃孹岦側偳丆偐側傝尒捠偟偑偮偄偨丅崱夞偦傟傪傕偲偵偟偰幏昅偟偨榑暥偼堦杮偱偁傞偑丆崱屻媫懍偵尋媶偑怺傑傝丆榑暥傪廤拞偟偰彂偗偦偆側尒崬傒偱偁傞丅
丂
亙幮夛偲偺楢実亜
丂崅揷彜嬈崅峑偐傜島墘埶棅偁傝丆傾儊儕僇暥壔丒楌巎偲巹帺恎偺棃偟曽偲偺娭學偵偮偄偰丆侾帪娫傎偳榖偟偨丅屻擔崅峑懁偐傜憲傜傟偰偒偨傾儞働乕僩偵傛傞偲丆崅峑惗偵偼偲偰傕婌偽傟偨偙偲偑傢偐傞丅偙傟傑偱偼偙偺傛偆側婡夛偑偁傟偽榖偟偰偒偨偑丆栆楏偵旀傟岮傪恟偩彎偮偗傞丅崱屻偺宲懕傕峫偊偰偼偄傞偑丆審悢傪尭傜偡偙偲傕峫椂偟偨偄丅
丂岞奐島嵗偱妛奜偺巗柉懳徾偵乽傾儊儕僇暥妛擖栧(俀)乿偲戣偟偰庼嬈傪峴偭偨丅廔椆屻偺傾儞働乕僩偱偼岲昡偱偁偭偨偑丆尨岅偺塸岅傪巊偭偨偙偲偲庴島惗偺儗儀儖偑愮嵎枩暿偱偁傞偨傔丆崱屻偺宲懕偵偮偄偰偼擄偟偝傪姶偠偨丅
慜丂愳丂棙丂峀乮嫵丂庼乯
丂
亙嫵堢妶摦亜
庼丂嬈
妛晹
丂堦斒偺塸岅嫵堢偱偼丆戝偒偔暘偗偰擇捠傝偺曽恓偱塸岅嫵堢傪幚巤偟偨丅
嘆 20恖嫮偺僋儔僗偵偍偄偰丆係媄擻偺偆偪摿偵儕乕僨傿儞僌偵徟揰傪崌傢偣傞巜摫傪偟偨丅嫵嵽偼塸帤怴暦偐傜撉傒傗偡偄傕偺傪枅夞攝晍偟偰巊梡丅傾儞働乕僩寢壥偱偼嵟崅偺儔儞僋偵71.4僷乕僙儞僩偺巟帩偑偁偭偨丅
嘇 40恖嫮偺僋儔僗偵偍偄偰偼傾儊儕僇崌廜崙偺楌巎丆抧棟丆暥壔偵娭偡傞嫵嵽傪巊梡偟丆傾儊儕僇暥壔偺棟夝偲撉傓椡偺熂梴傪栚巜偟偨丅岲昡偱偁傞丅
嘊偦偺懠丆塸暷暥妛島撉丆暷暥妛奣榑丆傾儊儕僇彫愢島媊摍偺島媊傪偟偨丅偙傟傜偼枅擭偲偰傕岲昡偱偁傞丅
戝妛堾
乮慜婜乯丗僱僀僠儍乕儔僀僥傿儞僌偺堦娐偲偟偰僀儞僪偺悈栤戣傪榑偠偨忋幙偺榑傪撉傒丆帺慠偲恖娫偺娭學偵偮偄偰偺摯嶡傪摼傞偙偲丆偦偟偰側偵傛傝傕塸暥傪撉傓椡傪偮偗傞偙偲偺擇揰傪栚揑偲偟偨丅巊梡偟偨僥僉僗僩偼The New Yorker 帍宖嵹偺桪傟偨挿曇儖億儖僞乕僕儏偱偁傝丆僀儞僪偩偗偺栤戣偵偲偳傑傜偢恖椶慡懱偺彨棃偵抳柦揑側傕偺偲側傝偆傞僥乕儅傪榑偠偨傕偺偱丆偲偰傕岲昡偱偁偭偨丅
乮屻婜乯丗Raymond Carver 偺抁曇彫愢廤傪嫵嵽偲偟偰巊梡偟丆塸暥偺撉傒偲峴娫偺棟夝傪偼偐傝丆偝傜偵暥妛揑摿幙傪廤拞揑偵島媊偟偨丅
丂偦偺忋偱枅夞塸暥偺梫巪傪壽偟丆師廡偵揧嶍偟偨傕偺傪曉媝偟偰塸嶌暥椡偺岦忋傪恾偭偨丅塸暥偼暘偐傝傗偡偄傕偺偺丆墱偺怺偄嶌昳傪慖傫偩偨傔擄偟偄敿柺丆偲偰傕婌偽傟偨丅
尋媶巜摫
僛儈偱巜摫偟偨撪梕偼丆師偺捠傝丅
嘆係擭師惗偵偼丆懖榑偺懳徾傪撉傒廔偊偨偺偪僥乕儅傪偳偺傛偆偵尒偮偗丆偳偺傛偆偵榑棟傪愊傒忋偘丆偳偺傛偆偵朤徹傪壛偊偰榑暥偵偡傞偐偲偄偆偙偲傪巜摫偟偨偺偼椺擭偺偲偍傝丅帺慠庡媊暥妛偺寙嶌偲偝傟傞嶌昳傪埖偭偰丆側偐側偐椡偺擖偭偨懖榑偑娷傑傟偰偄偨丅
嘇俁擭僛儈惗偼楢懕暔偺挿曇彫愢戞侾姫傪撉傫偩偑丆傾儊儕僇拞惣晹偺奐戱柉偺惗妶偑嫽枴怺偐偭偨傛偆偱偁傝丆嶌昳偺柺敀偝偵枮懌姶傪書偄偰偄偨丅偦偺傎偐偵夛榖椡傪拞怱偲偡傞昞尰椡偺熂梴偺偨傔俁寧枛傑偱僛儈傪巜摫偟偨丅
嘊廋巑壽掱偱偼Anne Morrow Lindbergh 偺挊嶌偲揱婰揑帒椏傪栐梾揑偵撉傫偱偄傞妛惗偺巜摫偵廔巒偟偨丅墵惙側曌嫮堄梸傪帩偮妛惗偱偁傞偨傔巜摫偑偟傗偡偄傕偺偺丆崱屻偺榑暥幏昅偲嫵堳嵦梡帋尡庴尡弨旛傪摨帪恑峴偝偣傞擄偟偝傪峫偊偹偽側傜側偄丅
仢摿怓偁傞揰媦傃崱屻偺専摙壽戣摍
丂戝妛堾偺嫵堢偱偼枅夞丆抁曇彫愢傪撉傑偣偰偦偺梫巪傪塸暥偱彂偐偣傞偲偄偆嶌嬈傪壽偟偨丅偙傟偼塸嶌暥椡偺熂梴偵戝偄偵栶棫偭偨偙偲偲丆偦傕偦傕梫巪傪傑偲傔傞偨傔偵偼嶌昳帺懱傪孞傝曉偟偰弉撉偡傞偲偄偆嶌嬈偑慜採偱偁傞偨傔丆塸岅偺撉傒彂偒偵偼偙偺忋側偄巜摫偲側傝丆偦偟偰暥妛擖栧偲偟偰桪傟偨嫵堢偵側偭偨丅
丂
亙尋媶妶摦亜
尋媶惉壥偺敪昞忬嫷
榑亃嘆 Raymond Carver's 乬Submerged Menace乭 in 乬Everything Stuck to Him乭(忋墇嫵堢戝妛婭梫丂戞27姫)
妛夛妶摦傊偺嶲壛忬嫷摍
嘆俆寧丗擔杮塸暥妛夛
嘇10寧丗擔杮傾儊儕僇暥妛夛
仢摿怓丒嫮挷揰摍
丂壞媥傒偵枅擔尋媶幒偵棃偰儗僀儌儞僪丒僇乕僶乕偺慡嶌昳傪撉傒丆偝傜偵偄偔偮偐偺榑暥傗娭楢恾彂傕撉傫偩丅偍偐偘偱儗僀儌儞僪丒僇乕僶乕偺惗奤偲嶌昳偺摿幙偍傛傃孹岦側偳丆偐側傝尒捠偟偑偮偄偨丅崱夞偦傟傪傕偲偵偟偰幏昅偟偨榑暥偼堦杮偱偁傞偑丆崱屻媫懍偵尋媶偑怺傑傝丆榑暥傪廤拞偟偰彂偗偦偆側尒崬傒偱偁傞丅
丂
亙幮夛偲偺楢実亜
丂崅揷彜嬈崅峑偐傜島墘埶棅偁傝丆傾儊儕僇暥壔丒楌巎偲巹帺恎偺棃偟曽偲偺娭學偵偮偄偰丆侾帪娫傎偳榖偟偨丅屻擔崅峑懁偐傜憲傜傟偰偒偨傾儞働乕僩偵傛傞偲丆崅峑惗偵偼偲偰傕婌偽傟偨偙偲偑傢偐傞丅偙傟傑偱偼偙偺傛偆側婡夛偑偁傟偽榖偟偰偒偨偑丆栆楏偵旀傟岮傪恟偩彎偮偗傞丅崱屻偺宲懕傕峫偊偰偼偄傞偑丆審悢傪尭傜偡偙偲傕峫椂偟偨偄丅
丂岞奐島嵗偱妛奜偺巗柉懳徾偵乽傾儊儕僇暥妛擖栧(俀)乿偲戣偟偰庼嬈傪峴偭偨丅廔椆屻偺傾儞働乕僩偱偼岲昡偱偁偭偨偑丆尨岅偺塸岅傪巊偭偨偙偲偲庴島惗偺儗儀儖偑愮嵎枩暿偱偁傞偨傔丆崱屻偺宲懕偵偮偄偰偼擄偟偝傪姶偠偨丅
丂
愇丂鸐丂攷丂擵乮弝嫵庼乯
丂
亙嫵堢妶摦亜
庼丂嬈
亂娤揰侾亃嫵堢曽朄媦傃惉愌昡壙柺偱偺庢慻
丂妛晹偺乽僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞塸岅乿乮侾擭師丒俀擭師乯偺庼嬈偱偼丆傾儊儕僇偺搒巗傪埖偭偨僥僉僗僩傗億僺儏儔乕側壧傪埖偭偨僥僉僗僩傪巊梡偟偰丆塸岅傪偲偍偟偰暥壔揑側懁柺偺抦幆傪摼偨傝丆塸岅偵恊偟傑偣側偑傜儕僗僯儞僌傗儕乕僨傿儞僌媄擻偺岦忋偵徟揰傪偁偰偨丅偦偟偰丆彨棃偺嫵堳偵昁梫偲偝傟傞婎杮揑側塸岅椡偺梴惉傪栚巜偟偨丅傑偨丆嵟怴偺僯儏乕僗偵娭偡傞婰帠乮帪帠塸岅丗恎嬤側榖戣傗嫵堢栤戣乯傕埖偭偨丅帠慜偵僾儕儞僩傪攝晍偟偰梊廗偟傗偡偄傛偆偵偟偨丅庼嬈偱偼丆僆乕僶乕丒儔僢僺儞僌偺庤朄傪庢傝擖傟偨傝偟偰撉傓偙偲偺楙廗傪偟偨丅乽彫妛峑塸岅嫵堢奣榑乿偱偼丆尰嵼幚巤偝傟偰偄傞塸岅妶摦傪憐掕偟偰丆偦偺棟榑傪奣娤偝偣側偑傜幚嵺偺傾僋僥傿價僥傿乮僎乕儉偺妶摦丒壧偺妶摦乯傪懱尡偡傞傛偆側庼嬈揥奐傪偟偨丅妛晹偺庼嬈偱偼丆庼嬈弌惾丆儗億乕僩丆彫僥僗僩丆掕婜帋尡傪婎偵偟偰昡壙偟偨丅
丂戝妛堾偺乽彫妛峑塸岅嫵堢摿榑乿偱偼丆弶摍塸岅嫵堢偵昁梫偲偝傟傞愱栧揑媦傃棟榑揑側抦幆乮偹傜偄丆僗僉儖丆巜摫朄丆嫵嵽丒嫵嬶丆庼嬈寁夋丆媦傃昡壙乯傪恎偵偮偗偝偣傞偨傔偵丆塸暥偺僥僉僗僩傪撉傑偣偨丅偦偟偰丆愱栧揑側崁栚偵娭偟偰愢柧傪偟偨丅枅帪娫僥乕儅傪採帵偟偰榖偟崌偄傪幚巤偟偨丅庼嬈嶲壛懺搙丆庼嬈屻偺儗億乕僩丆媦傃妛婜偺儗億乕僩偱昡壙偲偟偨丅屻婜偺乽彫妛峑塸岅僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞墘廗乿偱偼丆尰嵼幚巤偝傟偰偄傞塸岅妶摦偺偹傜偄偵婎偯偄偨柾媅庼嬈乮妛擭偛偲乯傪採帵偟偨丅妛婜偺拞斦偐傜丆戝妛堾惗偵彫妛峑偺崅丒拞丒掅妛擭岦偗偺幚嵺偺応柺傪憐掕偟偨柾媅庼嬈傪幚巤偝偣偨丅巜摫埬偐傜嫵嵽嶌惉丆媦傃柾媅庼嬈傪揥奐偝偣偨丅幚嵺偺庼嬈塣塩偑偱偒傞揰偱岲昡偱偁偭偨丅
亂娤揰俀亃嫵堢偺払惉忬嫷
丂妛晹偱偼丆塸岅乮儕僗僯儞僌傗儕乕僨傿儞僌乯傪偲偍偟偰嫵堢偵娭偡傞帪帠揑側榖戣傪庢傝忋偘偨丅嫵堳梴惉宯偺妛晹妛惗偵偼嫵堢栤戣偵娭怱傪傕偭偰傕傜偄偨偄偨傔偱偁傞丅彫妛峑塸岅偵娭偡傞庼嬈偱偼丆塸岅巜摫偱偒傞傛偆側婎慴傪堢惉偡傞傛偆偵偟偨丅
丂戝妛堾偱偼丆幚嵺偵柾媅庼嬈傪帋傒偝偣偨偨傔偵嫵堢幚慔偺拞偱墳梡偱偒傞丅
丂偍偺偍偺偺庼嬈偺偹傜偄偼偍偍傓偹払惉偝傟偨偑丆庼嬈偺撪梕偵偮偄偰偼撪梕傪惛慖偟偰丆峏偵妛惗偑枮懌偱偒傞傛偆側撪梕傪専摙偡傞昁梫偑偁傞丅
尋媶巜摫
亂娤揰侾亃妛晹
丂俀柤偺懖嬈榑暥偺巜摫偵偁偨傝丆婎杮揑側愱栧彂傪撉傑偣側偑傜愱栧揑抦幆傪廗摼偝偣偨丅僥乕儅偵増偭偨僨乕僞傪廂廤偝偣傞偨傔偵岞棫彫妛峑偱幚嵺偵庼嬈傪偝偣偨丅偦偟偰丆廂廤偟偨僨乕僞偺暘愅傗峫嶡傪偝偣丆椪彴揑側幚慔椡傪廗摼偝偣偨丅
亂娤揰俀亃戝妛堾
丂俆柤偺廋巑榑暥偺巜摫偵偁偨傝丆愱栧揑側榑暥傗愱栧彂偺撪梕傪曬崘偝偣丆尋媶壽戣傪愝掕偝偣偨丅幚徹尋媶傗幚慔尋媶傪捠偟偨僨乕僞偺廂廤丆暘愅丆媦傃峫嶡傪偝偣偰丆廋巑榑暥傪姰惉偝偣傞巜摫傪偟偨丅
偦偺懠偺嫵堢妶摦
嘆係柤偺柶嫋僾儘僌儔儉偺戝妛堾惗丆俀柤偺係擭偺妛晹惗丆媦傃俁柤偺俁擭偺妛晹惗偺嫵堢幚廗峑傪朘栤偟偰妛惗巜摫偵偁偨偭偨丅
丂仢摿怓偁傞揰媦傃崱屻偺専摙壽戣摍
丂妛晹偺彫妛峑塸岅偵娭偡傞庼嬈偱偼丆懱尡揑側妶摦傪懡偔庢傝擖傟偨偨傔偵丆彨棃彫妛峑嫵堳偵側偭偨偲偟偰傕婎杮揑側巜摫偑偱偒傞傛偆偵怱偑偗偨丅
丂戝妛堾偺庼嬈偱偼丆庼嬈傪庴島偡傞偙偲偵傛偭偰妛峑嫵堢偺榞慻傒偱懡條惈偺偁傞彫妛峑塸岅偺嫵堢幚慔偑壜擻偱偁傞偙偲偲丆庼嬈偺撪梕偲戝妛堾惗偺廋巑榑暥偺僥乕儅偲娭楢偝偣偨丅
丂妛晹偺懖嬈榑暥傪巜摫偟偨妛惗偼丆幚嵺偵彫妛峑傗梒抰墍偺嫵怑偮偄偨偨傔偵丆妛傫偩偙偲傪墳梡壜擻偱偁傞丅
丂戝妛堾偺俆柤偺廋巑榑暥傪巜摫偡傞応崌丆屄恖揑偵傗傝偲傝傪偡傞偨傔偺帪娫傪妋曐偡傞偙偲偑崲擄偱偁偭偨丅偨偲偊帪娫傪寛掕偟偰偄偨偲偟偰傕丆戝妛堾惗偐傜偄傠偄傠側棟桼偱僛儈傪拞巭偡傞偙偲偑懡偐偭偨丅懡偔偺戝妛堾惗傪巜摫偡傞応崌丆岠棪揑偵巜摫偡傞昁梫偑偁傞丅
丂
亙尋媶妶摦亜
尋媶惉壥偺敪昞忬嫷
榑亃嘆暯惉20擭俁寧丗亀彫妛峑偵偍偗傞35帪娫偺乽塸岅妶摦乿偑拞妛峑1擭惗偺挳夝椡偵媦傏偡塭嬁亁乮扨挊乯拞晹抧嬫塸岅嫵堢妛夛婭梫丂戞37崋丂pp.55-62
嬈亃嘆暯惉19擭俈寧丗亀僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞偺妝偟偝偺偁傞妶摦偺敪孈亁乮扨挊乯彫妛峑塸岅僙儈僫乕丂No.25 pp.俉-俋
嘇暯惉19擭俉寧丗亀暯惉19擭搙丂偐傎偔巗彫妛峑塸岅妶摦偺庤堷偒亁乮嫟挊乯偐傎偔巗嫵堢埾堳夛
嘊暯惉20擭俁寧丗亀俀擭娫偺偐傎偔巗偺塸岅妶摦偵娭傢偭偰亁乮扨挊乯暯惉18�19擭搙暥晹壢妛徣埾忷偐傎偔巗彫妛峑塸岅妶摦抧堟僒億乕僩帠嬈傑偲傔丂偐傎偔巗嫵堢埾堳夛丂pp.俀-俆
嘋暯惉20擭俁寧丗亀彫妛峑塸岅偵偍偗傞乽庼嬈偯偔傝乿偺棷堄揰亅亀偩傟偱傕偱偒傞亁亀偨傔偵側傞亁亀妝偟偄亁塸岅妶摦傪傔偞偟偰亅亁乮扨挊乯垽抦導棫戝妛暥妛晹惗奤敪払尋媶曬崘乮2007擭搙乯pp.52-119
敪亃嘆暯惉19擭俇寧丗亀彫妛峑偵偍偗傞乽塸岅妶摦乿偑拞妛峑侾擭惗偺挳夝椡偵媦傏偡塭嬁亁乮扨乯戞37夞拞晹抧嬫塸岅嫵堢妛夛嶰廳戝夛尋媶敪昞丂
嘇暯惉19擭俉寧丗亀塸岅妶摦偵偍偗傞乽榖偡偙偲乿偵娭偡傞岠壥亅偳偺偔傜偄帣摱偼婛廗偺尵岅崁栚傪昞尰偱偒傞偐亅亁乮嫟乯彫妛峑塸岅嫵堢妛夛慡崙戝夛戞7夞摽搰戝夛尋媶敪昞
懠亃嘆暯惉20擭俁寧丗亀乽偩傟偱傕偱偒傞乿乽偨傔偵側傞乿乽妝偟偄乿塸岅妶摦亅妛媺扴擟庡懱偺塸岅妶摦巜摫偺庢傝慻傒亅亁乮嫟乯巺嫑愳巗棫惣奀彫妛峑曬崘彂
嘇暯惉20擭俁寧丗亀巺嫑愳巗棫惣奀彫妛峑偺塸岅妶摦 B巜摫埬廤乮暯惉18擭搙巜摫埬廤乯亁乮嫟乯巺嫑愳巗棫惣奀彫妛峑曬崘彂
嫟摨尋媶乮梒丆彫丆拞丆崅摍妛峑媦傃摿庩嫵堢彅妛峑嫵堳偲偺嫟摨尋媶傪娷傓乯偺幚巤忬嫷
嘆彫丒拞楢実傪堄幆偟偨彫妛峑塸岅偺幚慔揑尋媶亅僇儕僉儏儔儉曇惉偵徟揰傪偁偰偰亅丂戙昞幰丗愇鸐攷擵丂壢妛尋媶旓曗彆嬥
嘇弶摍嫵堢抜奒偵偍偗傞宯摑揑塸岅嫵堢偵娭傢傞嫵巘嫵堢僾儘僌儔儉偺嫤摥奐敪亅楢崌戝妛堾偺摿惈傪惗偐偟偨妛峑嫵堢幚慔妛峔抸偺儌僨儖偲偟偰亅丂戙昞幰丗彑栰崃屷丂嫟摨尋媶僾儘僕僃僋僩俧丂尋媶嫤椡幰
妛夛妶摦傊偺嶲壛忬嫷
嘆俇寧23擔乣24擔丗戞37夞拞晹抧嬫塸岅嫵堢妛夛嶰廳戝夛弌惾
嘇俈寧侾擔丗戝嶃戝妛尵岅暥壔尋媶壢乽彫妛塸岅嫵堢偼偄偐偵偁傞傋偒偐乿岞奐僔儞億僕儏僂儉弌惾
嘊俈寧21擔丗忋墇塸岅嫵堢妛夛戞11夞戝夛弌惾
嘋俉寧18擔乣19擔丗彫妛峑塸岅嫵堢妛夛慡崙戝夛戞俈夞摽搰戝夛弌惾丂
嘍暯惉19擭搙彫妛峑塸岅嫵堢妛夛婭梫曇廤丒嵏撉埾堳
仢摿怓丒嫮挷揰摍
丂慜擭搙偵堷偒懕偒丆彫妛峑塸岅偵娭偟偰偼帣摱偺挳夝椡偺岦忋丆媦傃彫妛峑塸岅偵岦偗偰偺嫵堳尋廋傗嫵堳梴惉偺偁傝曽偵偮偄偰専摙偟偰偄傞丅摿偵丆彫妛峑塸岅宱尡偺桳柍偲挳夝椡偲偺娭學傪採帵偟偨偲偄偆揰偱偡偖傟偨傕偺偲偄偊傞丅乽暦偔偙偲乿偲娭楢偟偨乽榖偡偙偲乿偵娭偡傞帣摱偺敪榖傪峫嶡偟偰偄傞偑丆偙偺傛偆側尋媶偼塸岅妶摦偺榞慻傒偺拞偱椺偑傎偲傫偳側偔撈憂揑偱偁傞偲巚傢傟傞丅
丂
亙幮夛偲偺楢実亜
幮夛揑妶摦忬嫷
嘆岞奐島嵗乽乽彫妛峑塸岅乿恑傔曽擖栧乿崌寁俇夞丂俋帪娫丂
嘇暯惉19擭係寧乣暯惉20擭俁寧丗巺嫑愳巗棫惣奀彫妛峑塸岅妶摦嫵堢幚慔偺巜摫彆尵幰乮寁11夞幚巤乯丂
嘊暯惉19擭係寧乣暯惉20擭俁寧丗巺嫑愳巗棫忋憗愳彫妛峑塸岅妶摦嫵堢幚慔乮弌慜庼嬈乯巜摫幰乮寁17夞幚巤乯
嘋暯惉19擭係寧乣暯惉20擭俁寧丗暥晹壢妛徣抧堟僒億乕僩帠嬈愇愳導偐傎偔巗塸岅妶摦嫤媍夛屭栤丒俇偮偺彫妛峑塸岅妶摦偺巜摫彆尵幰(11夞乯丆媦傃嫤媍夛偱偺島墘幰媦傃巜摫彆尵幰(俁夞乯丂
嘍暯惉19擭10寧24擔丗暥晹壢妛徣抧堟僒億乕僩帠嬈愇愳導偐傎偔巗塸岅妶摦丂偐傎偔巗棫嬥捗彫妛峑尋媶敪昞夛岞奐庼嬈敪昞幰丆媦傃島墘夛島巘乮亀偐傎偔巗偵偍偗傞彫妛峑塸岅偺俀擭娫偺婳愓偲揥朷亅亀偩傟偱傕偱偒傞亁亀偨傔偵側傞亁亀妝偟偄亁塸岅妶摦傪傔偞偟偰亅亁傪島墘乯
嘐暯惉19擭俉寧23擔丗晉嶳導挬擔挰塸岅妶摦尋廋夛島巘乮晉嶳導挬擔挰嫵堢僙儞僞乕庡嵜乯
嘑暯惉19擭俉寧27擔丗怴妰導嶰忦巗棫怷挰彫妛峑峑撪尋廋夛島巘
嘒暯惉19擭10寧10擔丗晉嶳導擖慞挰棫忋惵彫妛峑峑撪尋廋夛島巘
嘓暯惉19擭11寧俀擔丗怴妰導嶰忦巗棫怷挰彫妛峑峑撪尋廋夛島巘乮巘斖庼嬈偲庼嬈嫤媍夛乯
嘔暯惉19擭11寧俆擔丗怴妰導廫擔挰巗塸岅妶摦摍崙嵺棟夝妶摦悇恑帠嬈島巘乮廫擔挰巗棫攏応彫妛峑丆廫擔挰巗嫵堢埾堳夛庡嵜乯
嘕暯惉19擭11寧12擔丗晉嶳導挬擔挰棫偝傒偝偲彫妛峑峑撪尋廋夛島巘
嘖暯惉19擭12寧10擔丗晉嶳導擖慞挰棫忋惵彫妛峑峑撪尋廋夛島巘
嘗暯惉20擭俀寧俀擔丗垽抦導棫戝妛惗奤敪払尋媶巤愝岞奐僼僅乕儔儉乽巕偳傕偵妝偟偄塸岅妶摦傪両乿偺島墘偲儚乕僋僔儑僢僾
嘙暯惉20擭俀寧18擔丗愇愳導巙夑挰棫壓娒揷彫妛峑撪尋廋夛島巘乮巘斖庼嬈偲庼嬈嫤媍夛乯
嘚暯惉20擭俀寧25擔丗怴妰導廫擔挰巗棫攏応彫妛峑峑撪尋廋夛島巘乮巘斖庼嬈偲庼嬈嫤媍夛乯
嘜暯惉20擭俁寧俁擔丗晉嶳導擖慞挰棫忋惵彫妛峑峑撪尋廋夛島巘乮巘斖庼嬈偲庼嬈嫤媍夛乯
嘝暯惉20擭俁寧11擔丗忋墇巗棫媨搱彫妛峑峑撪尋廋夛島巘乮巘斖庼嬈偲庼嬈嫤媍夛乯
嘠暯惉19擭俈寧丗乽巺嫑愳巗峀曬丂偄偲偄偑傢No.28乿偵巺嫑愳巗棫忋憗愳彫妛峑偺塸岅妶摦偑徯夘偝傟傞丅
嘡暯惉19擭10寧24擔丗嬥戲僥儗價乽偐傎偔巗棫嬥捗彫妛峑偺尋媶幚慔乿偱曻憲偝傟傞丅
嘢暯惉20擭俀寧俁擔丗撉攧怴暦柤屆壆巗撪斉偵乽塸岅嫵堢偼妝偟偔乿偲偄偆戣偱徯夘偝傟傞丅
仢幮夛傊偺婑梌摍
丂岞棫彫妛峑偱偺妛媺扴擟傗ALT偲偺僥傿乕儉丒僥傿乕僠儞僌偵傛傞弌慜庼嬈偼丆妛峑嫵堢娭學幰偐傜丆侾偮偺庼嬈偺偁傝曽偲偟偰嬶懱揑偐偮幚慔揑偱偁傞偲昡壙傪摼偨丅
丂嫵堳尋廋夛摍傕丆彫妛峑塸岅嫵堢丒塸岅妶摦偵娭偡傞棟榑偺採帵偵偲偳傑傜偢丆嬶懱揑側巜摫曽朄偑傢偐傝傗偡偐偭偨偲昡壙傪摼偨丅
丂儅僗僐儈傗峀曬帍偱丆島墘傗嫵堳尋廋撪梕偑徯夘偝傟丆抧堟偐傜昡壙傪摼偨丅
丂
戝丂応丂峗丂惓乮弝嫵庼乯
丂
亙嫵堢妶摦亜
庼丂嬈
乮妛晹乯乽僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞塸岅乿乮侾丒俀擭惗乯偵偍偄偰偼丆儕僗僯儞僌丆儕乕僨傿儞僌丆儔僀僥傿儞僌偺俁媄擻偲岅渂偵徟揰傪偁偰偨庼嬈傪揥奐偟偨丅戞侾夞栚偺庼嬈偵偍偄偰丆庴島妛惗偺塸岅妛廗偵娭偡傞堄幆摍傪傾儞働乕僩偵傛傝挷嵏偡傞偲摨帪偵丆庼嬈慡懱偺栚揑丒栚昗丆妛廗撪梕乮寁夋乯丆惉愌昡壙曽朄傪徻嵶偵夝愢偟偨丅傑偨丆枅夞偺庼嬈偱偼屄乆偺妶摦偵娭偟偰壗偺偨傔偵峴側偆偺偐乮壗偵栶棫偮偺偐乯丆偳偺傛偆偵峴偆偺偐傪柧妋偵偟丆妛廗傊偺摦婡晅偗傪懀偟丆帺屓昡壙傗僾儕儞僩摍偺僠僃僢僋側偳傪捠偟偰乮宍惉揑昡壙偲偟偰乯偦偺擔偺妶摦惉壥傪妋擣偟偨丅妛廗偺惉壥偺傒側傜偢偦偺夁掱傪昡壙偡傞偙偲傪捠偟偰庴島妛惗偺妛廗堄梸傪崅傔傞傛偆偵偟偨丅乽拞摍塸岅壢巜摫朄乮庼嬈榑乯乿偱傕摨條偵丆妛廗撪梕傗屄乆偺妶摦偺堄媊傪柧妋偵偟偨丅庼嬈偼慡懱傪俁婜偵暘偗丆侾婜偱偼塸岅偺庼嬈揥奐傗巜摫埬偺嶌惉偺曽朄傪夝愢偟丆俀婜偱偼侾婜偺撪梕傪摜傑偊丆庴島妛惗払偑幚嵺偵侾帪娫偺庼嬈傪慻傒棫偰丆柾媅庼嬈傪峴偭偨丅柾媅庼嬈屻偺僨傿僗僇僢僔儑儞偵傛偭偰庼嬈傪娤嶡偡傞栚偑梴偊偨偺偱偼側偄偐偲巚偆丅俁婜偵偼拞妛峑尰応偺嫵堳偵傛傞島媊傪慻傒崬傒丆妛惗偺嫵怑傊偺摦婡晅偗傪峴偭偨丅嫵堢幚廗傗尰応偵弌偰偐傜栶偵棫偮塸岅偺庼嬈偺婎慴媄弍傪妉摼偝偣傞偙偲偵徟揰傪偁偰偨丅
乮戝妛堾乯乽塸岅壢妛廗曽朄墘廗乿偲乽塸岅壢嫵堢僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞摿榑乿偱偼丆栚揑丒栚昗丆妛廗撪梕丆惉愌昡壙曽朄傪柧妋偵偟丆傛傝崅搙側丆偦偟偰丆愱栧揑側抦幆傪妉摼偱偒傞傛偆偵丆妛惗偵傛傞僾儗僛儞僥乕僔儑儞偲僌儖乕僾僨傿僗僇僢僔儑儞摍傪捠偟偰巜摫傪峴偭偨乮摿偵慜幰偺庼嬈乯丅傑偨丆塸岅巜摫偺嵺偵丆捈愙揑丒娫愙揑偵栶偵棫偮攚宨抦幆偺妉摼偲帺屓偺塸岅嫵堢偵懳偡傞峫偊曽傪宍惉偝偣傞偙偲偵徟揰傪偁偰偨乮摿偵屻幰偺庼嬈乯丅枅夞偺庼嬈屻偵偼儗億乕僩傪採弌偟偰傕傜偄僐儊儞僩傪偮偗偰曉媝偟偨丅
丂尋媶巜摫
乮妛晹乯崙撪奜偺愱栧帍偵宖嵹偝傟偨榑暥傗愱栧彂偺島撉傪捠偟偨愱栧揑抦幆偺妉摼乮暥專尋媶乯偲偦偺抦幆偵婎偯偔幚徹揑側尋媶乮幚尡尋媶乯傪捠偟偰塸岅嫵堢偵娭偡傞摯嶡椡傗椪彴揑側幚慔椡傪怺傔偝偣丆懖嬈榑暥傪姰惉偝偣傞偨傔偺巜摫傪峴偭偨丅
(戝妛堾乯傛傝崅搙側愱栧揑側抦幆丆偍傛傃椪彴揑側幚慔椡傪廋摼偝偣傞偨傔偵丆崙撪奜偺愱栧帍偵宖嵹偝傟偨榑暥偍傛傃愱栧彂偺撪梕傪曬崘偝偣乮暥專尋媶乯丆偦傟偵婎偯偄偰媍榑摍傪峴偄丆愝掕偟偨尋媶壽戣傊偺庢傝慻傒傪捠偟偰廋巑榑暥傪姰惉偝偣傞偨傔偺巜摫傪峴側偭偨丅
偦偺懠偺嫵堢妶摦
丂忋墇嫵堢戝妛晬懏拞妛峑偵偍偗傞嫵堢尋媶嫤媍夛幚巤偵學傢傞巜摫丒彆尵傪峴偭偨丅
仢摿怓偺偁傞揰摍
丂妛晹偱偼丆塸岅傪愱峌偟偰偄側偄妛惗偺巜摫偵偍偄偰丆彨棃丆乮庡偵乯彫妛峑偺嫵堳偲偟偰巕嫙偨偪偵塸岅傪嫵偊傞婡夛傕偁傞偙偲傪摜傑偊丆塸岅偵懳偟偰峬掕揑側懺搙偑堢偮傛偆偵怱偑偗偨丅傑偨丆塸岅嫵堢偵娭偡傞愱栧偺庼嬈偱偼丆嵟掅尷丆嫵堢幚廗偵偍偗傞幚慔偵栶棫偮傛偆側婎慴抦幆傗妶摦傪愊嬌揑偵巜摫偟偨丅懖嬈榑暥偺巜摫偵偍偄偰偼丆棟榑揑側懁柺偺傒側傜偢丆棟榑偵婎偯偔採埬摍傪捠偟偰幚慔椡偺妉摼偵徟揰傪偁偰偨丅戝妛堾偵偍偄偰偼丆嫵庼朄傗巜摫媄弍偺婎慴偲側傞戞擇尵岅廗摼尋媶偵娭偡傞棟榑揑側攚宨傗幚尡尋媶偺惉壥傪惓妋偵棟夝偝偣傞偙偲偵搘傔偨丅傑偨丆廋巑榑暥偺巜摫偵偍偄偰偼丆塸岅壢偵偍偗傞儕僗僯儞僌偲岅渂巜摫偵桳塿側帵嵈傪梌偊傞尋媶偺巜摫傪峴偆偙偲偑弌棃偨丅傑偨丆暯惉19擭搙偺妛撪僼傽僇儖僥傿丒僨傿儀儘僢僾儊儞僩尋廋夛乮暯惉20擭俁寧係擔幚巤乯偵偍偄偰乽庼嬈幚慔徯夘丒僷僱儖僨傿僗僇僢僔儑儞亀庼嬈偺曽朄亁乿偺僷僱儕僗僩偲偟偰乽僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞塸岅乿偺庼嬈撪梕傪徯夘偟偨丅
丂
亙尋媶妶摦亜
尋媶惉壥偺敪昞忬嫷
敪亃嘆暯惉19擭俋寧丗乽Characterization of two EFL classrooms at the primary education level in Korea乿(嫟) The 1st Korean English Teachers Associations Joint Conference & 2007 English Teachers Association in Korea (ETAK) International Conference尋媶敪昞
嘇暯惉19擭俋寧丗乽A comparative analysis of EFL teachers乫 beliefs on classroom activities乿(嫟) The 1st Korean English Teachers Associations Joint Conference & 2007 English Teachers Association in Korea (ETAK) International Conference尋媶敪昞
嘊暯惉19擭12寧丗乽Variation in the acquisition of unaccusative verbs by Japanese EFL learners乿(嫟) The 12th Conference of Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics尋媶敪昞
嘋暯惉19擭12寧丗乽A Study of grammar development among Japanese university students: Intransitive verbs, transitive verbs, ditransitive verbs and logical subjects, Part (侾)乿(嫟)The 12th Conference of Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics尋媶敪昞
嘍暯惉19擭12寧丗乽A Study of grammar development among Japanese university students: Intransitive verbs, transitive verbs, ditransitive verbs and logical subjects, Part (俀)乿(嫟)The 12th Conference of Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics尋媶敪昞
榑亃嘆暯惉19擭12寧丗乽Variation in the acquisition of unaccusative verbs by Japanese EFL learners乿(嫟) Proceedings of the 12th Conference of Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics
懠亃嘆暯惉20擭俁寧丗亀擔杮恖塸岅妛廗幰偺娭學戙柤帉愡峔暥丒媈栤峔暥偺張棟夁掱偺夝柧偵娭偡傞尋媶亁乮扨乯壢妛尋媶旓曗彆嬥尋媶惉壥曬崘彂
丂嫟摨尋媶乮彫丒拞丒崅摍妛峑偲偺嫟摨尋媶傪娷傓乯偺幚巤忬嫷
嘆崁栚墳摎棟榑丒嵎堎崁栚婡擻暘愅傪梡偄偨塸岅暥朄擻椡敪払夁掱偺尋媶丂戙昞幰丗嶳愳寬堦乮埨揷彈巕戝妛弝嫵庼乯壢妛尋媶旓曗彆嬥
嘇乽弶摍嫵堢抜奒偵偍偗傞宯摑揑塸岅嫵堢偵娭傢傞嫵巘嫵堢僾儘僌儔儉偺嫤摥奐敪亅楢崌戝妛堾偺摿惈傪惗偐偟偨妛峑嫵堢幚慔妛峔抸偺儌僨儖偲偟偰亅乿戙昞幰丗彑栰崃屷(暫屔嫵堢戝妛暃妛挿)楢崌尋媶壢嫟摨尋媶僾儘僕僃僋僩
嘊乽Characterization of two EFL classrooms at the primary education level in Korea乿戙昞幰丗崱堜桾擵乮暫屔嫵堢戝妛乯擔娯嫟摨尋媶
嘋乽A comparative analysis of EFL teachers乫beliefs on classroom activities乿戙昞幰丗悪栰捈庽乮棫柦娰戝妛乯擔娯嫟摨尋媶
妛夛妶摦傊偺嶲壛忬嫷
嘆暯惉19擭搙杒奀摴塸岅嫵堢妛夛偺塣塩埾堳媦傃妛夛帍曇廤埾堳
嘇暯惉19擭搙擔杮戞擇尵岅廗摼妛夛偺塣塩埾堳媦傃妛夛帍曇廤埾堳
嘊暯惉19擭俇寧23擔乣24擔丗拞晹抧嬫塸岅嫵堢妛夛乮嶰廳戝妛乯弌惾
嘋暯惉19擭俋寧俈擔乣10擔丗The 1st Korean English Teachers Associations Joint Conference & 2007 English Teachers Association in Korea (ETAK) International Conference (English/Culture Center, Kongju National University, Korea)弌惾
仢摿怓丒嫮挷揰摍
丂擔杮恖塸岅妛廗幰偺娭學愡峔暥偲wh媈栤峔暥偺廗摼偵偮偄偰丆僆儞儔僀儞張棟偵偍偗傞暥夝愅偺帇揰偐傜偺尋媶傪嶐擭偵堷偒懕偒峴偭偰偄傞乮壢妛尋媶旓曗彆嬥偵傛傞乯丅傑偨丆嫟摨尋媶偺戞擇尵岅偺暥朄擻椡偺敪払偵偍偗傞怴偟偄僥僗僩曽朄傗僨乕僞暘愅曽朄偺奐敪乮壢妛尋媶旓曗彆嬥偵傛傞乯偵娭偟偰傕丆偦偺尋媶惉壥傪崙嵺妛夛偱敪昞偟丆曬崘彂偺宍偱傑偲傔偨丅偙傟傑偱偵側偄暘愅曽朄偵傛傞曪妵揑側尋媶偲偄偆揰偱桪傟偨傕偺偱偁傞丅偝傜偵丆娯崙偺彫妛峑偵偍偗傞塸岅庼嬈偺暘愅傕峴偭偨乮擔娯嫟摨尋媶乯丅
丂
亙幮夛偲偺楢実亜
幮夛揑妶摦忬嫷
嘆ECHO偺夛乮忋墇抧嬫拞妛峑塸岅嫵巘偺夛乯尋廋夛島巘乮亀帺棫偟偨塸岅嫵巘偵側傞偨傔偵亁傪島墘乯
嘇忋墇巗嫵堢僙儞僞乕庡嵜乽拞妛峑塸岅壢嫵堳尋廋乿尋廋夛島巘乮亀惗搆偺堄梸傪堷偒弌偡巜摫曽朄亁傪島墘乯
丂
栰丂抧丂旤丂岾乮島丂巘乯
丂
亙嫵堢妶摦亜
庼丂嬈
亂娤揰侾亃嫵堢曽朄媦傃惉愌昡壙柺偱偺庢慻
丂嫵堢曽朄偵娭偟偰偼丆乽塸岅妛墘廗乿偱島媊巟墖僔僗僥儉傪巊偭偰儗億乕僩娗棟傪峴偭偨傝丆乽塸岅壒惡妛乿偱偼儅儖僠儊僨傿傾嫵幒偱嫵嵽嶌惉丒採帵傪峴偭偨傝偲丆19擭搙傕嶐擭搙偵堷偒懕偒忣曬婡婍偺妶梡偵庢傝慻傫偩丅
亂娤揰俀亃嫵堢偺払惉忬嫷
妛晹丗乽僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞塸岅乿偺庼嬈偱偼丆LL 摍傪妶梡偟丆儕僗僯儞僌偲僗僺乕僉儞僌傪拞怱偵僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞擻椡偺堢惉偵搘傔偨丅乽塸岅壒惡妛乿偱偼丆塸岅偺壒傪懱宯揑偵嫵庼偟偨丅乽塸岅妛墘廗乿偲乽塸岅婎慴尋媶乿偱偼塸岅偺暥偺宍惉偵偳偺傛偆側尨棟偑娭傢偭偰偄傞偐傪夝偒柧偐偟丆塸暥撉夝椡偺梴惉傪恾偭偨丅
戝妛堾丗乽惗惉暥朄摿榑乿偵偍偄偰偼惗惉暥朄棟榑偺擖栧偺庼嬈傪峴偭偨丅乽惗惉暥朄摿榑乿偵偍偄偰偼丆杮擭搙偼惗惉暥朄偵婎偯偔戞擇尵岅妉摼尋媶偵娭偡傞榑暥傪撉傒偲偔宍幃偱庼嬈傪峴偭偨丅傑偨丆乽幚慔応柺暘愅墘廗乿偱偼丆塸岅偺恑峴宍偵偮偄偰巜摫丒彆尵傪峴偭偨
尋媶巜摫
亂娤揰侾亃妛晹
丂妛晹俁擭惗俀柤偵懳偟偰塸岅妛偺婎慴揑抦幆偺梴惉傪恾傞傛偆巜摫偟丆妛晹係擭惗偵娭偟偰偼懖榑偺巜摫傪峴偭偨丅傑偨彫妛峑偺塸岅妶摦偺巜摫傕峴偭偨丅
亂娤揰俀亃戝妛堾
丂巜摫堾惗俀柤偺偆偪柶俹惗偵娭偟偰偼榑暥傪堦弿偵撉傒丆俵俀堾惗偵娭偟偰偼廋榑偺巜摫傪峴偭偨丅
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亙尋媶妶摦亜
尋媶惉壥偺敪昞忬嫷
榑亃嘆暯惉20擭俀寧丗乽俴俀塸岅偵偍偗傞栚揑岅奿昗帵丗擔杮恖塸岅妛廗幰偺敪榖僐乕僷僗尋媶乿亀忋墇嫵堢戝妛尋媶婭梫亁戞27姫丆pp.173-180.
嘇暯惉20擭俁寧丗乽彫妛峑塸岅妶摦丒崙嵺嫵堢偵偍偗傞嫟摨庼嬈偺帋傒乿乮嫟挊乯亀嫵堢幚慔尋媶亁戞18廤丆pp.侾-俈.
妛夛妶摦傊偺嶲壛忬嫷
嘆忋墇塸岅嫵堢妛夛戞10夞戝夛乮暯惉19擭俈寧21擔奐嵜乯偺婇夋塣塩嶲壛
嘇妛夛帍乽忋墇塸岅尋媶乿偺曇廤
嘊擔杮塸岅妛夛戞25夞戝夛嶲壛乮暯惉19擭11寧10-11擔乯
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亙幮夛偲偺楢実亜
幮夛揑妶摦忬嫷
嘆忋墇巗崙嵺嫵堢悇恑嫤媍夛埾堳
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僽儔僂儞丒傾僀償傽儞乮奜崙恖嫵巘乯
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亙嫵堢妶摦亜
庼丂嬈
亂娤揰侾亃嫵堢曽朄媦傃惉愌昡壙柺偱偺庢慻
丂妛晹怴擖惗偺戝晹暘偼丆拞丒崅摍妛峑偱妛廗偟偨塸岅偺抦幆傪幚嵺偺僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞偵巊偆婡夛偑晄懌偟偰偍傝丆帺敪揑側夛榖偑偱偒側偄丅
丂傑偢婎杮僼儗乕僘傪暅廗丆妶梡曽朄傪楙廗偟丆妛惗偑帺暘偺宱尡傗堄尒傪儁傾媦傃僌儖乕僾撪偱敪昞偟偨丅偦偟偰妛惗偼丆惉愌昡壙偺懳徾偲側傞敪昞偵岦偗丆岲偒側榖戣傪慖傃僾儗僛儞僥乕僔儑儞偺弨旛傪偟偨丅屻婜偱偼,妛惗偑偦偺僾儗僛儞僥乕僔儑儞偺敪昞偺慜偵僗僺乕僠偺撪梕傪採弌偟偨丅偦偟偰巹偼偦傟傪峑惓偟丆儌僨儖僗僺乕僠傪榐壒偟丆梌偊偰偄偨丅偦傟偼妛惗偵懳偟偰丆暥朄丆暦偒庢傝傗敪壒偺妛廗偺戝曄椙偄婡夛偩偭偨偲巚偆丅偝傜偵丆嶌暥偱帺暘偺宱尡傗堄尒傪揱偊傞楙廗丆懱尡媦傃帺怣傪偮偗傞偨傔丆庼嬈偵娭偡傞榖戣偵偮偄偰嶌暥傪彂偐偣偨丅嶌暥偱偺晄揔愗側塸岅傪帺暘偱彂偒捈偡椡傪嫮壔偡傞偨傔偵丆捈偖偵惓夝傪梌偊偢丆偦偺晄揔愗側揰傪巜揈偟丆妛惗偑帺暘偱峫偊丆挷傋丆彂偒捈偝偣偰偐傜嵞採弌偝偣偨丅偝傜偵丆妛惗偑塸岅偱偺揹巕儊乕儖偵傕姷傟傞傛偆偵丆帪乆嶌暥傪揹巕儊乕儖偱採弌偝偣偨丅彨棃丆拞妛峑偱塸岅傪嫵偊偨偄偲峫偊偰偄傞妛晹擇擭惗埲忋偺妛惗偺拞偱丆傑偩帺暘偺塸夛榖椡偵帺怣偺側偄妛惗岦偗偵丆塸岅僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞乮夛榖乯偺慖戰壢栚偱丆廤拞揑側夛榖妶摦傪峴偭偨丅傑偢丆妛惗偑枅夞摨偠桭払僌儖乕僾偱摨偠條側夛榖偵側傜側偄傛偆丆妛惗摨巑偺夛榖僌儖乕僾丒儊儞僶乕傪俁廡娫偛偲偵曄偊偨傝丆峏偵丆夛榖傪榐壒偟丆暘愅偟丆姶憐暥傗忋払栚昗偵偮偄偰儗億乕僩傪彂偐偣偨傝偟偨丅
丂戝妛堾偺尰戙塸岅摿榑偱偼丆堾惗偼塸岅偱妛峑嫵堢丆幮夛尵岅妛媦傃悽奅塸岅偺懡條惈偲偄偭偨榖戣偵偮偄偰敪昞丆媍榑丆彫榑暥傪彂偒丆偦偺榖戣偵娭偡傞抦幆傪憹傗偟偨丅妛棟揑側塸岅傪楙廗偡傞婡夛偑懡偔丆旕忢偵妶敪偱巋寖揑側庼嬈偵側偭偨丅尰戙塸岅墘廗偱偼丆戝妛堾惗偑傾僇僨儈僢僋丒儔僀僥傿儞僌椡偺忋払傪栚昗偲偟丆庼嬈妶摦丆帺廗傗彫榑傪愊嬌揑偵丆堦強寽柦偵庢傝慻傫偩偨傔丆旕忢偵妶敪偱巋寖揑側庼嬈偵側偭偨丅僾儘僙僗丒儔僀僥傿儞僌丒傾僾儘乕僠傪捠偟丆堾惗偼撪梕怺偔惓幃側彫榑傪彂偔偙偲偑弌棃偨丅嵟屻偵妛惗偺払惉姶偺偨傔偵丆堾惗偑彂偄偨塸岅彫榑暥傪廤傔丆嶨帍傪嶌偭偰妛媺偱攝偭偨丅
亂娤揰俀亃嫵堢偺払惉忬嫷
妛晹惗丗懡悢偺妛惗偑塸岅僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞椡偵怺偔栶偵棫偮塸夛榖妶摦媦傃塸嶌暥妶摦偺宱尡傪偟丆塸岅僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞偲偄偆僾儘僙僗偺堄枴傪傛傝怺偔棟夝偟丆偳偆傗偭偰幚嵺偺塸岅僐儈儏僯働乕僔儑儞偺椡傪嫮壔偡傞偐傪岠壥揑偵峫偊傞傛偆偵側偭偨丅
戝妛堾惗:塸岅儔僀僥傿儞僌偺夁掱偱妛惗偺塸嶌暥偺幙偑慡懱揑偵忋払偟丆幙偺崅偄榑棟揑側塸岅偱丆嫽枴怺偄尒夝傪揱偊傜傟傞傛偆偵側偭偨丅
尋媶巜摫
亂娤揰侾亃妛晹
係擭惗偺懖嬈榑暥偵娭偡傞尋媶帒椏乮塸岅斉偺傾儞働乕僩側偳乯偲懖嬈榑暥偺塸岅梫栺暥傪巜摫偟偨丅
亂娤揰俀亃戝妛堾
尋媶帒椏媦傃嫵堢幚廗帒椏丆懖嬈榑暥偺塸岅偺撪梕傪妋擣偟丆揔愗側塸暥昞尰傪嵶偐偔巜摫偟偨丅
偦偺懠偺嫵堢妶摦
嘆傾儊儕僇丒傾僀僆儚偺嫵堢岎棳夛丒嫵堢幚廗偺嶲壛妛惗傪懳徾偵丆僋儔僗儖乕儉丒僀儞僌儕僢僔儏媦傃儂乕儉僗僥僀丒僀儞僌儕僢僔儏偺庼嬈傪峴偭偨丅妛惗偺嫵堢幚廗偺偨傔偺庼嬈撪梕傪巜摫偟丆妛惗偑弨旛偟偨庼嬈撪梕偺塸岅傪峑惓偟丆妛惗偺敪壒嶲峫偺偨傔偵儌僨儖僗僺乕僠傪榐壒偟梌偊偨丅偦偺嫵堢幚廗偺庼嬈偺儕僴乕僒儖偵嶲壛偟丆塸岅偱偺愢柧媦傃帒椏偵僼傿乕僪僶僢僋傪偟偨丅偦偺嫵堢幚廗偼旕忢偵岠壥揑偱偁偭偨丅
嘇慜婜丆屻婜偲傕枅廡丆妛晹惗乮壩梛擔乯戝妛堾惗乮悈梛擔乯偺偨傔偵乽儔儞僠僞僀儉丒塸夛榖乿傪峴偭偨丅婓朷偟偨嶲壛幰偼棊偪拝偄偨堈偟偄暤埻婥偱塸夛榖傪宱尡偟丆帺怣傪憹傗偟偨丅丂
仢摿怓偁傞揰媦傃崱屻偺専摙壽戣摍
丂擔杮偺妛惗偼恖慜偱帺暘偺堄尒傪敪昞偟偨傝懠偺恖偺堄尒偵懳偟偰帺暘偺堄尒傪弎傋傞偲偄偆宱尡偑朢偟偄偨傔丆偙傟偐傜嫵堳偵側傠偆偲偄偆妛惗偺彨棃傪摜傑偊丆側傞傋偔敪昞偺婡夛傪梌偊偨丅崱屻偼丆妛晹惗傕傛傝愊嬌揑偵塸夛榖偱偒傞傛偆丆僋儔僗儖乕儉丒僀儞僌儕僢僔儏媦傃夛榖僗僩儔僥僕乕傪偝傜偵嵶偐偔巜摫偡傞梊掕偱偁傞丅
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亙尋媶妶摦亜
尋媶惉壥偺敪昞忬嫷
榑亃嘆暯惉19擭12寧丗亀The Critical Period Hypothesis and Second Language Acquisition:A Critique of Two Empirical Studies亁乮扨挊乯忋墇塸岅嫵堢妛夛:忋墇塸岅尋媶丂戞俉崋丂pp.俁-10.
嘇暯惉20擭俀寧丗亀A Meta-Analysis of Recent Research on the Social Psychology of Language亁 乮扨挊乯忋墇嫵堢戝妛尋媶婭梫丂戞27姫 pp.157-161
嫟摨尋媶乮梒丆彫丆拞丆崅摍妛峑媦傃摿庩嫵堢彅妛峑嫵堳偲偺嫟摨尋媶傪娷傓乯偺幚巤忬嫷
嘆暯惉19擭搙偐傜杮妛偺愇郷攷擵愭惗偑扴摉偟偰偄傞壢妛尋媶旓偱峴偆乽彫丒拞楢実傪堄幆偟偨彫妛峑塸岅偺幚愴揑尋媶-僇儕僉儏儔儉曇惉偵徟揰傪偁偰偰-乿偵尋媶暘扴幰偲偟偰嶲壛丆DVD偱榐壒偟偨彫妛惗偺塸夛榖傪昡壙偟偨丅棃擭搙傕宲懕偟偨尋媶妶摦傪峴偆丅
嘇杮妛偺晬懏彫丒拞妛峑尋媶夛偺塸岅庼嬈傪尒妛偟丆姶憐夛偵嶲壛偟丆姶憐傪敪昞偟偨丅
妛夛妶摦傊偺嶲壛忬嫷
嘆暯惉19擭俇寧丗慡崙岅妛嫵堢妛夛丒僐儞僺儏乕僞尵岅嫵堢尋媶夛(JALTCALL2007乯丆憗堫揷戝妛丂弌惾
嘇暯惉19擭俈寧丗慡崙岅妛嫵堢妛夛戝妛奜崙岅嫵堢尋媶夛(JALTCUE2007) 柤屆壆巗悪嶳彈妛堾戝妛丂弌惾
嘊暯惉19擭11寧丗慡崙岅妛嫵堢妛夛(JALT2007)丂搶嫗搒丆崙棫惵彮擭嫵堢怳嫽婡峔丂弌惾
嵼奜尋媶偺忬嫷
嘆俀寧俇擔乣俁寧31擔丗暯惉18擭搙傛傝巒傑偭偨乽塸岅嫵堢偵娭偡傞幮夛尵岅妛丗尰嵼悽奅偱偺塸岅偺忬嫷偵懳偡傞擔杮恖妛惗偺懺搙乿偺尋媶寁夋傪懕偗丆尋媶帒椏乮傾儞働乕僩側偳乯傪弨旛偟偨丅
仢摿怓丒嫮挷揰摍
丂慡崙岅妛嫵堢妛夛傊偺弌惾偼丆嵟怴岅妛嫵庼曽朄乮摿偵夛榖僗僩儔僥僕乕乯偺尋媶丆媦傃幮夛尵岅妛偺尋媶妶摦乮尵岅偵懳偡傞擔杮恖偺懺搙乯偵桳堄媊偱偁偭偨丅
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亙幮夛偲偺楢実亜
幮夛揑妶摦忬嫷
嘆暯惉19擭俉寧丗忋墇巗柉僾儔僓偱JOIN偺巗柉偑嶲壛偡傞乽塸岅偟傖傋傝応乿偱摿暿島巘偲偟偰僗僺乕僠丆塸夛榖妶摦傪巜摫偟偨丅
嘇暯惉19擭俉寧偐傜乽MPEC - Myoko Powerful English Club乿偱Special Advisor偲偟偰搊榐丅
嘊暯惉19擭10寧丗MPEC偺枅寧峴偆巗柉偺偨傔偺塸岅妶摦偵嶲壛丆巜摫偟偨丅
仢幮夛傊偺婑梌摍
丂抧尦偺巗柉媦傃彫妛峑丆拞妛峑偺塸岅椡枖偼塸岅嫵堢偺幙傪崅傔傞偨傔丆尋媶妶摦枖偼嫵堢巜摫傪寁夋偡傞梊掕丅
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